Selective autophagy of intracellular organelles: Recent research advances

Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is a highly conserved physiological process that degrades over-abundant or damaged organelles, large protein aggregates and invading pathogens via the lysosomal system (the vacuole in plants yeast). Autophagy generally induced by stress, such as oxygen-, energy- amino acid-deprivation, irradiation, drugs, etc. In addition to non-selective bulk degradation, autophagy also occurs selective manner, recycling specific mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, nuclei, proteasomes lipid droplets (LDs). This capability makes major maintaining cellular homeostasis. The dysfunction of implicated neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), tumorigenesis, metabolic disorders, heart failure, Considering importance cell biology, we systemically review recent advances our understanding this its regulatory mechanisms. We emphasize 'cargo-ligand-receptor' model for organelles components yeast mammals, with focus on mitophagy ER-phagy, which are finely described types autophagy. Additionally, highlight unanswered questions field, helping readers research blind spots need be broken.